Cara Membuat LAPORAN FORMAL dan NON-fORMAL

Pengertian laporan

Laporan adalah karya tulis ilmiah yang dibuat oleh seseorang atau kelompok orang setelah menyelesaikan tugas yang diberikan.

Dasar- Dasar Membuat Laporan

Laporan pada dasarnya adalah alat komunikasi, agar dapat digunakan sebagai alat komunikasi yang efektif, sebuah lapran harus memenuhi syarat-syarat sebagai berikut:

· Data dan akta dalam laporan harus lengkap.

· Laporan yang dibuat harus jelas.

· Laporan yang dibuat harus benar/ akurat.

· Sistematis,laporan harus diorganisasikan sedemikian rupa dengan system pengkodean yang teratur. Laporan yang sistematis juga menunjang unsur kejelasan yang sudah diciptakan oleh unsur – unsur bahasa.

· Objektif

· Tepat waktu, ketepatan waktu mutlak diperlukan. Karena keterlambatan laporan bisa mengakibatkan keterlambatan pengambilan keputusan.

Laporan menurut bahasa yang digunakan dibedakan menjadi 2 yaitu :

· Laporan non formal, adalah laporan yang ditulis secara popular, yaitu menggunakan kata-kata sederhana, kadang-kadang diselingi dengan kalimat humor/lucu. , yaitu laporan yang tidak memenuhi beberapa unsure formal. Laporan ini bersifat pribadi yang disesuaikan dengan kepentingan penulisannya.

· Laporan formal, adalah laporan yang ditulis secara ilmiah, yaitu sebagai hasil peneliti. Biasanya isinya singkat tetapi padat dan sistematis serta logis. 

Laporan berfungsi sebagai:

1) alat pertanggungjawaban secara tertulis,

2) alat pendokumentasian data,

3) alat studi banding,

4) alat pengambilan keputusan, dan

5) melatih berpikir sistematis.

Struktur Laporan Formal dan Nonformal

A. Laporan Formal

Laporan formal terdiri dari:

1. Bagian Pendahuluan

Bagian pendahuluan terdiri dari:

a. Halaman judul: judul, maksud dan tujuan penulisan identitas penulis, instansi asal, kota penyusunan, tahun.

b. Halaman pengesahan (jika perlu)

c. Halaman motto/ semboyan (jika perlu)

d. Halaman persembahan (jika perlu)

e. Kata pengantar

f. Daftar isi

g. Daftar tabel (jika ada)

h. Daftar gambar (jika ada)

i. Daftar grafik (jika ada)

j. Abstrak (berisi uraian singkat mengenai isi laporan)

2. Bagian Isi

Uraian singkat tentang bagian ini:

a. Bab I: Pendahuluan

1) Latar belakang

2) Identifikasi masalah

3) Pembatasan masalah/ ruang lingkup penelitian

4) Rumusan masalah

5) Tujuan dan manfaat

b. Bab II: Kajian pustaka

c. Bab III: Metode penelitian

d. Bab IV: Pembahasan

e. Bab V: Penutup

3. Bagian Penutup

a. Daftar pustaka

b. Daftar lampiran

c. Indeks atau daftar istilah

B. Laporan Nonformal

1. Laporan kunjungan, berisi:

a. Judul laporan

b. Tujuan

c. Waktu pelaksanaan

d. Hasil yang diperoleh

2. Laporan percobaan, berisi:

a. Judul percobaan

b. Pelaksanaan (waktu dan tempat)

c. Urusan kerja

d. Data yang diperoleh

e. Kesimpulan

3. Laporan diskusi, berisi:

a. Topik

b. Moderator

c. Penyaji

d. Jumlah peserta

e. Masalah yang dibicarakan

f. Pemecahan masalah

g. Kesimpulan

Cerita rakyat from East Java

CINDELARAS

Raden Putra was the king of Jenggala kingdom. He had a beautiful queen and concubine. Unlike the queen, the concubine had bad personalities. She was envious and jealous with the queen, so she planned to make the queen leave the palace. The concubine then asked the royal healer to help her in her plan. One day, the concubine pretended to be ill. Raden Putra called the royal healer to give the concubine treatments. “What is her disease?” Raden Putra asked the royal healer. “I’m very sorry, My Majesty. She is sick because the queen put poison in her meal,” the royal healer lied. Raden Putra was shock and angry to hear the explanation. He called the queen and asked her if the story was true. Of course the queen denied, but Raden Putra won’t listen. “Please Your Majesty, have mercy. I really didn’t do anything,” cried the queen in her tears. Raden Putra’s anger ended in a decision. The queen should be banished to the woods and terminated. He did not know that the queen was already pregnant. Raden Putra commanded one of his general to do the punishment. The queen was banished to the woods, but the wise general didn’t have the heart to kill her. He built a simple house in the woods for her. On his way back to the palace, he smeared his sword with rabbit blood, so Raden Putra would believe that he had killed the queen. After the general left, the queen lived by herself in the woods. Several months later, she gave birth to a healthy baby boy. The baby was named Cindelaras. He grew up as a nice, healthy, and handsome boy. One day, while Cindelaras helped her mother to collect some fire woods, an eagle dropped an egg. Cindelaras brought the egg to be brooded by a chicken behind their house. The egg hatched into a chick and then it slowly became a strong rooster. The rooster is no ordinary rooster. The rooster could sing. Every morning, the rooster woke Cindelaras up with its beautiful song, “My master is Cindelaras. His house is in the woods. He’s the son of Raden Putra.” The rooster often sang that song. Cindelaras always woke up early in the morning and listen happily to his rooster’s song. He didn’t realize the meaning of the song until one day, he started to think. “Who is Raden Putra?” he asked his mother. The queen then told him the whole story. She also told him why they were banned from the kingdom and lived in the woods. Cindelaras was very surprised. He decided to go to the palace to meet the king, his father. Cindelaras asked her mother’s permission to go to the kingdom and to tell the king what really happened. He also brought his rooster that grew bigger and stronger each day. On his way, Cindelaras stopped at a village. There, he met some people who were involved in cockfighting. They challenge him to see how strong his rooster was. “If your rooster wins, you’ll get a reward,” said the man who challenged him. Cindelaras accepted the challenge. In a few minutes, his rooster defeated the opponent’s rooster. He was challenged again by other man, and one more time, his rooster won. He won again and again. The news about Cindelaras’ rooster quickly spread to the whole Jenggala kingdom and made Raden Putra curious. So, he invited Cindelaras to the palace. “What is your name, boy?” Raden Putra asked as Cindelaras arrived in the palace. “My name is Cindelaras, Your Majesty,” Cindelaras answered. He felt both thrilled and happy to see Raden Putra. Raden Putra challenged Cindelaras with one condition. If Raden Putra’s rooster won, Cindelaras’ head would be cut off. But if Cindelaras’ rooster won, Raden Putra would share half of his wealth. Cindelaras accepted the condition. The competition was held in the front yard of the palace. The two roosters fought bravely. But in just a few minutes, Cindelaras’ rooster won the fight! Raden Putra shook his head and stared at Cindelaras from his seat, “That rooster is no ordinary rooster, and the boy is not an ordinaty boy either. Who is he exactly?” he thought. Raden Putra was about to asked when suddenly Cindelaras’ rooster sang the song, “My master is Cindelaras. His house is in the woods. He’s the son of Raden Putra.” Raden Putra was surprised. “Is it true?” he asked. “Yes, My Majesty. My name is Cindelaras and my mother was the queen,” said Cindelaras. Raden putra called the general who had banished the queen. The general then confessed that he never killed the queen. Later, the royal healer also admitted his mistake. Raden Putra was so shocked. He immediately went to the woods to pick up the queen. Ever since, Cindelaras and his parents lived happily together. As for the concubine, she was sent to the jail as punishment.***

Word Classifications

word classifications
verb (kata kerja)	noun (kata benda)	adjective (kata sifat)	adverb (keterangan)
Study	studies	student	studying
develop	developer	developmental	develop
beautifully	beauty	beautiful	beautify
walker	walk	walking	walked
brightly	bright's	bright	brighten
darkly	darkey	dark	darkened
read	reader	readable	readdress
productively	production	productive	productivity
advertise	advertisement	advertiser	advertised
improve	improver	improvable	improved
present	presentiment	presentable	presented
open	opener	openhanded	operate
live	livelihood	livelier	lived
study	studies	student	studying

1. To day, I and friends learn English Language at the lansia park and we see many people bring a phone

2. I always watering flowers every morning

3. I don't like English language but I will study hard

4. I love singing and I hope become a superstars

5. My mommy always making breakfast everyday